Five Stories That Matter in Michigan This Week – March 28, 2025

  1. FinCEN Update: U.S. Companies No Longer Needed to Report

On Friday, March 21, 2025, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued an interim final rule regarding the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), revising the definition of “reporting company” such that entities formed under the laws of any U.S. State or Tribal jurisdiction likely will not have to file a beneficial owner information report (BOIR).

Why it Matters: Through this interim final rule, all entities created in the United States, including those previously known as “domestic reporting companies,” and their beneficial owners will be exempt from the requirement to report BOI to FinCEN. Read more.

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  1. U.S. Court of Appeals Rules on AI-Generated Copyright Eligibility

On March 18, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued a decision for Thaler v. Perlmutter, which addressed whether a work created autonomously by artificial intelligence (AI) is eligible for copyright protection.

Why it Matters: This case reaffirms the prevailing legal principle that copyright protection is reserved for works created by humans. As AI continues to evolve, questions about the extent of human involvement necessary for copyright eligibility remain open for future consideration. ​ Indeed, the question will be directly addressed in the upcoming case in Allen v. Perlmutter in the District Court of Colorado. Read more.

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  1. Michigan CRA Publishes February ’25 Data: Average Price Decreases

Per data released by the Cannabis Regulatory Agency (CRA), the average retail price for adult-use sale of an ounce of cannabis in February 2025 was $65.21, a decrease from $66.50 in January 2025. This is a decrease from February 2024, where the average price was $91.94.

Why it Matters: While the prices of cannabis and cannabis-related products continue to decrease and make consumers happy, growers on the other hand are seeing profits decrease resulting in them seeking ways to halt new licenses to be granted in an effort to steady prices.

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  1. Business Education Series: Anatomy of a Data Breach

Data breaches can wreak havoc on your company and almost always lead to litigation. With each new breach, we gain valuable insight into what companies could have done better. Your legal, contractual, and business obligations can sometimes be confusing and in conflict with each other.

Why it Matters: During the April Business Education Series facilitated by Nate Steed and Kelly R. Hollingsworth, this session will examine recent cases and best practices to protect your company from a breach including: lessons learned from recent data breaches; proactive strategies to insulate your business. Learn more.

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  1. Elizabeth M. Siefker Selected as a Member of Michigan Lawyers Weekly “Up & Coming Lawyers Class of 2025”

Fraser Trebilcock attorney ​Elizabeth M. Siefker has been selected as a member of Michigan Lawyers Weekly’s “Up & Coming Lawy​ers Class of 2025.” This special award recognizes those who have excelled in the profession and are standouts among their peers — all in their first 10 years of practice.

Why it Matters: Ms. Siefker focuses her practice on estate planning, elder law, guardianships and conservatorships, probate litigation, and tax planning. With experience assisting clients in every aspect of the estate planning process, she understands that each plan will be unique to the client’s situation. Ms. Siefker is included in Super Lawyers® as a “Michigan Rising Star” in Estate & Probate, and received the American Jurisprudence Award for civil procedure, contracts, first amendment, and torts. She is an active member of several legal organizations, having previously served on the Board of Directors of the Women Lawyers Association of Mid-Michigan as the Regional Representative. Read more.

Related Practice Groups and Professionals

Business & Tax | Robert D. Burgee
Intellectual Property | Andrew Martin
Cannabis Law | Sean Gallagher
Elizabeth Siefker

U.S. Court of Appeals Rules on AI-Generated Copyright Eligibility

On March 18, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit issued a decision for Thaler v. Perlmutter, which addressed whether a work created autonomously by artificial intelligence (AI) is eligible for copyright protection.

Background

Dr. Stephen Thaler developed an AI system known as the “Creativity Machine,” which produced an artwork titled “A Recent Entrance to Paradise.” He applied for copyright registration in 2018 identifying the author of the images as the “Creativity Machine,” with Thaler listed as the claimant with a transfer statement: “ownership of the machine.” In his application, Thaler stated that the work “was autonomously created by a computer algorithm running on a machine” and he was “seeking to register this computer-generated work as a work-for-hire to the owner of the Creativity Machine.” The U.S. Copyright Office denied the application, citing the necessity of human authorship for copyright eligibility.

Dr. Thaler challenged this decision, arguing that the human authorship requirement was unconstitutional and unsupported by statute or case law. The district court upheld the Copyright Office’s denial, emphasizing that human authorship is a fundamental requirement under the Copyright Act. The court referenced the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1884 decision in Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, which upheld the copyrightability of a photograph due to the human creator’s conception and design of the image.

On appeal, the D.C. Circuit affirmed the lower court’s ruling, reiterating that the Copyright Act necessitates human authorship for a work to be eligible for copyright protection. The court noted that while AI-assisted works may be considered for copyright if a human provides creative input or intervention, works generated entirely by non-human entities without human involvement do not qualify. The court did not address the constitutionality of the human authorship requirement, as it was unnecessary for the decision.

What This Means

The outcome of this case is not surprising. It is well settled law that non-human authorship is not recognized by the US Copyright Act. see Naruto v Slater, 888 F3d 418 (CA 9, 2018) (9th Circuit Court of Appeals holding that a monkey cannot be an “author”). However, it should be noted that this opinion only addressed whether a machine with no human intervention could be considered an author of a work. The Court clarified that amount of human intervention for AI created works was not at issue in this case stating, “[t]hose line-drawing disagreements over how much artificial intelligence contributed to a particular human author’s work are neither here nor there in this case. That is because Dr. Thaler listed the Creativity Machine as the sole author of the work before us, and it is undeniably a machine, not a human being.”

This case reaffirms the prevailing legal principle that copyright protection is reserved for works created by humans. As AI continues to evolve, questions about the extent of human involvement necessary for copyright eligibility remain open for future consideration.​ Indeed, the question will be directly addressed in the upcoming case in Allen v. Perlmutter in the District Court of Colorado. Fraser attorneys will continue to monitor any developments and update our clients.


This alert serves as a general summary and does not constitute legal guidance. Please contact us with any specific questions. When it matters in Michigan, we are the trusted legal advisors for businesses and individuals.


Andrew G. Martin is an experienced registered patent attorney with history working in the automotive, electrical, and agricultural industries. He regularly advises startups and small businesses on the patent and trademark prosecution process, assisting clients from start to finish. You can reach him at 517.377.0834 or at amartin@fraserlawfirm.com.

FinCEN Update: U.S. Companies No Longer Needed to Report

On Friday, March 21, 2025, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued an interim final rule regarding the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), revising the definition of “reporting company” such that entities formed under the laws of any U.S. State or Tribal jurisdiction likely will not have to file a beneficial owner information report (BOIR).

Consistent with the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s March 2, 2025 announcement, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is issuing an interim final rule that removes the requirement for U.S. companies and U.S. persons to report beneficial ownership information (BOI) to FinCEN under the Corporate Transparency Act.

Thus, through this interim final rule, all entities created in the United States — including those previously known as “domestic reporting companies” — and their beneficial owners will be exempt from the requirement to report BOI to FinCEN. Foreign entities that meet the new definition of a “reporting company” and do not qualify for an exemption from the reporting requirements must report their BOI to FinCEN under new deadlines, detailed below. These foreign entities, however, will not be required to report any U.S. persons as beneficial owners, and U.S. persons will not be required to report BOI with respect to any such entity for which they are a beneficial owner. For more information, see: https://fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-removes-beneficial-ownership-reporting-requirements-us-companies-and-us.


This alert serves as a general summary and does not constitute legal guidance. Please contact us with any specific questions. When it matters in Michigan, we are the trusted legal advisors for businesses and individuals.


Robert D. Burgee is an attorney at Fraser Trebilcock with over a decade of experience counseling clients with a focus on corporate structures and compliance, licensing, contracts, regulatory compliance, mergers and acquisitions, and a host of other matters related to the operation of small and medium-sized businesses and non-profits. You can reach him at 517.377.0848 or at bburgee@fraserlawfirm.com.

Five Stories That Matter in Michigan This Week – March 21, 2025

  1. Corporate Transparency Act BOI Reporting Requirements Deadline is Here

Friday, March 21, 2025, is the deadline for most reporting companies to file their beneficial ownership information (BOI) reports as required by FinCEN under the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA).

Why it Matters: While there is pending legislation that would delay the enforcement of the CTA until January 1, 2026, companies should adhere to the reporting requirements now to avoid any fines or penalties. Contact your Fraser Trebilcock attorney if you have any questions or need assistance.

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  1. Elizabeth M. Siefker Selected as a Member of Michigan Lawyers Weekly “Up & Coming Lawyers Class of 2025”

Fraser Trebilcock attorney ​Elizabeth M. Siefker has been selected as a member of Michigan Lawyers Weekly’s “Up & Coming Lawy​ers Class of 2025.” This special award recognizes those who have excelled in the profession and are standouts among their peers — all in their first 10 years of practice.

Why it Matters: Ms. Siefker focuses her practice on estate planning, elder law, guardianships and conservatorships, probate litigation, and tax planning. With experience assisting clients in every aspect of the estate planning process, she understands that each plan will be unique to the client’s situation. Ms. Siefker is included in Super Lawyers® as a “Michigan Rising Star” in Estate & Probate, and received the American Jurisprudence Award for civil procedure, contracts, first amendment, and torts. She is an active member of several legal organizations, having previously served on the Board of Directors of the Women Lawyers Association of Mid-Michigan as the Regional Representative. Read more.

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  1. Michigan Cannabis Industry Faces Price Pressure Despite High Sales Volume

According to the Michigan Cannabis Regulatory Agency, Michigan cannabis sales reached $241.3 million in February, down 7.6% year-over-year, with adult-use sales decreasing 4.7% to $246.6 million while medical sales fell 71.1% to just $0.6 million. The average flower price hit a new low of $1,043 per pound, falling 29.1% from last year and 2.0% from January.

Why it Matters: While Michigan’s cannabis market maintains substantial sales volume (despite a slight 3.0% decline in early 2025), the continuing downward trend in prices is creating significant profitability challenges for industry operators. Expanding supply and competition are forcing cannabis businesses to adapt to thinner margins and more challenging business conditions.

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  1. Michigan Supreme Court Upholds Victory for Firm’s Client

Fraser Trebilcock attorneys Michael P. Donnelly and Laura S. Faussié successfully represented a fiber optic company before the Michigan Supreme Court. On January 24, 2025, the Court, after hearing oral argument from the parties, denied an application for leave to appeal in a case involving the firm’s client, a fiber optic company, effectively upholding the lower courts’ decisions in the client’s favor. The case addressed whether a fiber optic or other telecommunication company was required to obtain permission from, and pay large fees to, a railroad company before installing fiber optic cables under their tracks located at public crossings.

Why it Matters: In a 5-1 decision, with one justice not participating, the Supreme Court left in place the Michigan Court of Appeals’ ruling that the fiber optic company could proceed with installing underground cables beneath railroad tracks at public road crossings after obtaining necessary municipal permits, without requiring additional permission from or fees to the railroad company. Read more.

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  1. Business Education Series: Anatomy of a Data Breach

Data breaches can wreak havoc on your company and almost always lead to litigation. With each new breach, we gain valuable insight into what companies could have done better. Your legal, contractual, and business obligations can sometimes be confusing and in conflict with each other.

Why it Matters: During the April Business Education Series facilitated by Nate Steed and Kelly R. Hollingsworth, this session will examine recent cases and best practices to protect your company from a breach including: lessons learned from recent data breaches; proactive strategies to insulate your business. Learn more.

Related Practice Groups and Professionals

Business & Tax | Robert D. Burgee
Elizabeth Siefker
Cannabis Law | Sean Gallagher
Litigation | Michael Donnelly
Litigation | Laura Faussié

Five Stories That Matter in Michigan This Week – March 14, 2025

  1. Michigan Federal Court Rules that CTA is Unconstitutional 

Shortly after the U.S. Department of Treasury announced a suspension of enforcement the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), the U.S. District Court of the Western District of Michigan ruled in Small Business Association of Michigan, et al v. Yellen, et. al. that the CTA’s reporting requirements violated the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

Why it Matters: While the ruling applies only to plaintiffs who brought the case (such as members of the Small Business Association of Michigan), it may influence other courts’ considering similar constitutional challenges to the CTA throughout the country.

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  1. Michigan Supreme Court Upholds Victory for Firm’s Client

Fraser Trebilcock attorneys Michael P. Donnelly and Laura S. Faussié successfully represented a fiber optic company before the Michigan Supreme Court. On January 24, 2025, the Court, after hearing oral argument from the parties, denied an application for leave to appeal in a case involving the firm’s client, a fiber optic company, effectively upholding the lower courts’ decisions in the client’s favor. The case addressed whether a fiber optic or other telecommunication company was required to obtain permission from, and pay large fees to, a railroad company before installing fiber optic cables under their tracks located at public crossings.

Why it Matters: In a 5-1 decision, with one justice not participating, the Supreme Court left in place the Michigan Court of Appeals’ ruling that the fiber optic company could proceed with installing underground cables beneath railroad tracks at public road crossings after obtaining necessary municipal permits, without requiring additional permission from or fees to the railroad company. Read more.

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  1. Thaddeus E. Morgan Selected as a Member of Michigan Lawyers Weekly “Hall of Fame Class of 2025”

Fraser Trebilcock Shareholder Thaddeus E. Morgan has been selected as a member of Michigan Lawyers Weekly’s “Hall of Fame Class of 2025.” Mr. Morgan is President of Fraser Trebilcock and has over 30 years of litigation experience in both state and federal courts in a wide variety of areas, including, commercial and business disputes, employment and shareholder litigation, construction, health care, real estate, insurance, and intellectual property. He is a former assistant prosecutor and assistant attorney general.

Why it Matters: This special award recognizes esteemed members of the legal profession who have been in practice for at least 30 years. These lawyers truly are legends, making their mark in the courtroom or the boardroom, in their firms and with community organizations, and with local, state and national bar associations. Read more.

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  1. Michigan Treasury to Distribute Nearly $100 Million from Marijuana Tax

The Michigan Treasury Department announced in February its plan to distribute nearly $100 million to 302 local entities and tribes as part of the Michigan Regulation and Taxation of the Marijuana Act.

Why it Matters: 108 cities, 36 villages, 80 townships, 74 counties, and 4 tribes will receive these payments. According to the state, this means for every licensed store and microbusiness in their respective jurisdiction, they will receive over $58,200.

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  1. Keep Your Michigan Cottage in the Family

The family cottage is a place for fun and relaxation in Michigan. For many, the family cottage becomes the meeting place for generations and where lifelong memories are made. As a result, it’s often the intent of the owner to pass the cottage on to future generations to enjoy. Unfortunately, challenges such as high property taxes and family disputes can prevent that from happening. These obstacles can be overcome through careful cottage succession planning.

Why it Matters: If you own a cottage in Michigan, our Cottage Law team can help you think through the issues and take the actions necessary to create a cottage plan. A cottage plan usually addresses the concerns through the creative use of a limited liability company (LLC) or a trust to own the property. Learn more.

Related Practice Groups and Professionals

Business & Tax | Robert D. Burgee
Litigation | Michael Donnelly
Litigation | Laura Faussié
Thaddeus Morgan
Cannabis Law | Sean Gallagher
Cottage Law | Mark Kellogg

Five Stories That Matter in Michigan This Week – March 7, 2025

  1. CTA Update: Treasury Department Issues Statement

The United States Treasury Department recently issued a statement casting doubt on the future enforceability of the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), at least in its current form. This is particularly relevant for US entities owned by US citizens. While not legally binding, Treasury’s guidance strongly signals that the rules enacting the CTA are likely to be rescinded or significantly revised before implementation. FinCEN has previously announced its intention to issue revised rules and updated reporting deadlines by March 21, 2025.

Why it Matters: Businesses that have already implemented CTA compliance processes, are advised to continue those efforts to ensure ongoing compliance. This recommendation remains in effect until FinCEN issues a new final rule or the law is formally amended. Read more from your Fraser Trebilcock attorney.

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  1. Whitmer Proposes New Wholesale Tax on Marijuana Products in Road Funding Plan

Governor Whitmer’s $3 billion “MI Road Ahead Plan” proposes closing an alleged “loophole” by imposing a new wholesale tax on marijuana products, similar to taxes on tobacco, potentially generating $470 million for road repairs.

Why it Matters: While details remain scarce about what specific “loophole” is being addressed or how the tax would be structured and implemented, marijuana businesses in Michigan should stay apprised of new developments regarding this proposed tax.

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  1. Fraser Trebilcock Welcomes Dakota A. Larson to the Firm

We are pleased to announce the hiring of Dakota A. Larson who will primarily work in the firm’s Lansing office.

Why it Matters: Ms. Larson focuses on insurance defense and business matters. She has experience handling complex liability, coverage, and bad faith claims in multiple lines of insurance and in multiple jurisdictions. Learn more.

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  1. Keep Your Michigan Cottage in the Family

The family cottage is a place for fun and relaxation in Michigan. For many, the family cottage becomes the meeting place for generations and where lifelong memories are made. As a result, it’s often the intent of the owner to pass the cottage on to future generations to enjoy. Unfortunately, challenges such as high property taxes and family disputes can prevent that from happening. These obstacles can be overcome through careful cottage succession planning.

Why it Matters: If you own a cottage in Michigan, our Cottage Law team can help you think through the issues and take the actions necessary to create a cottage plan. A cottage plan usually addresses the concerns through the creative use of a limited liability company (LLC) or a trust to own the property. Learn more.

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  1. Business Education Series: Anatomy of a Data Breach

Data breaches can wreak havoc on your company and almost always lead to litigation. With each new breach, we gain valuable insight into what companies could have done better. Your legal, contractual, and business obligations can sometimes be confusing and in conflict with each other.

Why it Matters: During the April Business Education Series facilitated by Nate Steed and Kelly R. Hollingsworth, this session will examine recent cases and best practices to protect your company from a breach including: lessons learned from recent data breaches; proactive strategies to insulate your business. Learn more.

Related Practice Groups and Professionals

Business & Tax | Robert D. Burgee
Cannabis Law | Sean Gallagher
Dakota Larson
Cottage Law | Mark Kellogg

CTA Update: Treasury Department Issues Statement

Important Update: The United States Treasury Department recently issued a statement casting doubt on the future enforceability of the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), at least in its current form. This is particularly relevant for US entities owned by US citizens. While not legally binding, Treasury’s guidance strongly signals that the rules enacting the CTA are likely to be rescinded or significantly revised before implementation. FinCEN has previously announced its intention to issue revised rules and updated reporting deadlines by March 21, 2025.

Businesses that have already implemented CTA compliance processes, are advised to continue those efforts to ensure ongoing compliance. This recommendation remains in effect until FinCEN issues a new final rule or the law is formally amended.

Businesses that have not already filed Beneficial Owner Information Reports (BOIR) are advised to consult with legal counsel and monitor the rulemaking and legislative process for further developments. Foreign-owned entities doing business in the United States and US entities with foreign owners are advised to pay particular attention to such developments.


This alert serves as a general summary and does not constitute legal guidance. Please contact us with any specific questions. When it matters in Michigan, we are the trusted legal advisors for businesses and individuals.


Robert D. Burgee is an attorney at Fraser Trebilcock with over a decade of experience counseling clients with a focus on corporate structures and compliance, licensing, contracts, regulatory compliance, mergers and acquisitions, and a host of other matters related to the operation of small and medium-sized businesses and non-profits. You can reach him at 517.377.0848 or at bburgee@fraserlawfirm.com.